管理 Spanner Graph 数据

本文档介绍了如何通过插入、更新和删除节点和边缘来管理 Spanner Graph 中的数据。Spanner Graph 会将表中的数据映射到图表节点和边缘。如需更改图表中的数据，您必须更改相应输入表中的数据。您可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台、Google Cloud CLI 或 Spanner 客户端库来管理图表数据。

设置 Spanner Graph

您必须先通过执行以下操作来设置 Spanner Graph，然后才可以在 Spanner Graph 中管理数据：

创建 Spanner 实例。
在 Spanner 实例中创建数据库。
将图表数据插入到数据库中。

这些部分中的示例使用您在按照前面的步骤设置 Spanner Graph 时创建的实例和数据库。

插入节点或边缘

如需将节点或边缘插入节点或边缘表中，请使用 Google Cloud 控制台、gcloud CLI 或 Spanner 客户端库。

在 Google Cloud 控制台和 gcloud CLI 中，您可以使用 GoogleSQL 数据操纵语言 (DML)。在 Spanner 客户端库中，您可以使用 DML 或 Mutation API。

在插入边缘之前，确保由边缘连接的源节点和目标节点存在。如果在通过边缘连接的源节点或目标节点不存在时插入边缘，则可能会出现引用完整性违规错误。如需了解详情，请参阅缺少源节点会违反 INTERLEAVE IN 关系和缺少目标节点会违反外键限制条件。

以下示例会将 Account 节点和 Transfer 边缘插入到您在设置 Spanner Graph 中创建的数据库中。

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，运行以下 DML 语句。如需了解详情，请参阅在 Google Cloud 控制台中运行语句。

-- Insert 2 Account nodes.
INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked)
VALUES (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false);
INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked)
VALUES (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true);

-- Insert 2 Transfer edges.
INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount)
VALUES (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100);
INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount)
VALUES (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200);

gcloud

在 gcloud CLI 中，运行以下命令。如需了解详情，请参阅使用 gcloud CLI 执行语句。

gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked) VALUES (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false)"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked) VALUES (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41'  AS TIMESTAMP), true)"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount) VALUES (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100)"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount) VALUES (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200)"

替换以下内容：

DATABASE_NAME：您的数据库的名称。
INSTANCE_NAME：实例的名称。

客户端库

Python

def insert_data_with_dml(instance_id, database_id):
    """Inserts sample data into the given database using a DML statement."""

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    def insert_accounts(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked) "
            "  VALUES"
            "    (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false),"
            "    (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true)"
        )

        print("{} record(s) inserted into Account.".format(row_ct))

    def insert_transfers(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount) "
            "  VALUES"
            "    (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100),"
            "    (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200) "
        )

        print("{} record(s) inserted into AccountTransferAccount.".format(row_ct))

    database.run_in_transaction(insert_accounts)
    database.run_in_transaction(insert_transfers)

Java

static void insertUsingDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql =
                "INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked) "
                    + "  VALUES"
                    + "    (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false),"
                    + "    (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true)";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d record(s) inserted into Account.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });

  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql =
                "INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount) "
                    + "  VALUES"
                    + "    (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100),"
                    + "    (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200) ";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d record(s) inserted into AccountTransferAccount.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func insertGraphDataWithDml(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to insert values into the 'Account' table
	// underpinning 'Account' nodes in 'FinGraph'. The function run by ReadWriteTransaction
	// executes an 'INSERT' SQL DML statement. Graph queries run after this
	// transaction is committed will observe the effects of the new 'Account's
	// added to the graph.
	_, err1 := client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked)
            		VALUES
            	    	(1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false),
            			(2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true)`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d Account record(s) inserted.\n", rowCount)
		return err
	})

	if err1 != nil {
		return err1
	}

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to insert values into the 'AccountTransferAccount'
	// table underpinning 'AccountTransferAccount' edges in 'FinGraph'. The function run
	// by ReadWriteTransaction executes an 'INSERT' SQL DML statement.
	// Graph queries run after this transaction is committed will observe the effects
	// of the edges added to the graph.
	_, err2 := client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount)
					VALUES
						(1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100),
						(1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200)`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d AccountTransferAccount record(s) inserted.\n", rowCount)
		return err
	})

	return err2
}

C++

void InsertDataWithDml(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  std::int64_t rows_inserted;
  auto commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client, &rows_inserted](
          spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto insert =
            client.ExecuteDml(std::move(txn), spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
          INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked)
          VALUES
          (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false),
          (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true)
        )"""));
        if (!insert) return std::move(insert).status();
        rows_inserted = insert->RowsModified();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Rows inserted into Account: " << rows_inserted << "\n";

  commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client, &rows_inserted](
          spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto insert =
            client.ExecuteDml(std::move(txn), spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
          INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount)
          VALUES
          (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100),
          (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200)
        )"""));
        if (!insert) return std::move(insert).status();
        rows_inserted = insert->RowsModified();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Rows inserted into AccountTransferAccount: " << rows_inserted
            << "\n";

  std::cout << "Insert was successful [spanner_insert_graph_data_with_dml]\n";
}

更新节点或边缘

如需更新现有节点或边缘，请使用 Google Cloud 控制台、gcloud CLI 或 Spanner 客户端库。

您可以使用 GoogleSQL 数据操纵语言 (DML) 语句或包含 DML 语句的 Spanner Graph 查询，更新现有节点或边缘。如果您使用 Spanner 客户端库，还可以使用 Mutation API。

使用 DML 更新节点或边缘

以下示例使用 DML 更新您在插入节点或边缘中添加的 Account 节点和 Transfer 边缘。

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，运行以下 DML 语句。如需了解详情，请参阅在 Google Cloud 控制台中运行语句。

-- Update Account node
UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2;

-- Update Transfer edge
UPDATE AccountTransferAccount
SET amount = 300
WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2;

gcloud

使用 gcloud CLI 执行语句。
在 gcloud CLI 中，运行以下命令：

gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="UPDATE AccountTransferAccount SET amount = 300 WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2"

替换以下内容：

DATABASE_NAME：您的数据库的名称。
INSTANCE_NAME：实例的名称。

客户端库

Python

def update_data_with_dml(instance_id, database_id):
    """Updates sample data from the database using a DML statement."""

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    def update_accounts(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2"
        )

        print("{} Account record(s) updated.".format(row_ct))

    def update_transfers(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "UPDATE AccountTransferAccount SET amount = 300 WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2"
        )

        print("{} AccountTransferAccount record(s) updated.".format(row_ct))

    database.run_in_transaction(update_accounts)
    database.run_in_transaction(update_transfers)

Java

static void updateUsingDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql = "UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d Account record(s) updated.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });

  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql =
                "UPDATE AccountTransferAccount SET amount = 300 WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d AccountTransferAccount record(s) updated.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func updateGraphDataWithDml(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to update the 'Account' table underpinning
	// 'Account' nodes in 'FinGraph'. The function run by ReadWriteTransaction
	// executes an 'UPDATE' SQL DML statement. Graph queries run after this
	// transaction is committed will observe the effects of the update to 'Account'
	// with 'id' = 2.
	_, err1 := client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2`,
		}
		rowCount,

管理 Spanner Graph 数据 使用集合让一切井井有条 根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。

设置 Spanner Graph

插入节点或边缘

控制台

gcloud

客户端库

Python

Java

Go

C++

更新节点或边缘

使用 DML 更新节点或边缘

控制台

gcloud

客户端库

Python

Java

Go

管理 Spanner Graph 数据