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About Get Started
  • Documentation
    • General
    • Languages
    • Runners
    • I/O Connectors
    • Roadmap Community Contribute Blog Case Studies
  • Apache Logo  Apache
    • ASF Homepage
    • License
    • Security
    • Thanks
    • Sponsorship
    • Code of Conduct
    • Start Tour of Beam Start Tour of Beam
    Machine Learning Machine Learning
    • Documentation
    • Using the Documentation
    • Concepts
      • Basics of the Beam model
      • How Beam executes a pipeline
    • Beam programming guide
      • Overview
      • Pipelines
      • PCollections
        • Creating a PCollection
        • PCollection characteristics
      • Transforms
        • Applying transforms
        • Core Beam transforms
          • ParDo
          • GroupByKey
          • CoGroupByKey
          • Combine
          • Flatten
          • Partition
        • Requirements for user code
        • Side inputs
        • Additional outputs
        • Composite transforms
      • Pipeline I/O
        • Using I/O transforms
        • I/O connectors
        • Managed I/O
        • I/O connector guides
          • Apache Iceberg
          • Apache Parquet
          • Hadoop Input/Output Format
          • HCatalog IO
          • Google BigQuery
          • Snowflake
          • CDAP I/O
          • Spark Receiver I/O
          • SingleStoreDB I/O
          • Web APIs I/O
        • Developing new I/O connectors
          • Overview: Developing connectors
          • Developing connectors (Java)
          • Developing connectors (Python)
          • I/O Standards
        • Testing I/O transforms
      • Schemas
        • What is a schema
        • Schemas for programming language types
        • Schema definition
        • Logical types
        • Creating schemas
        • Using schemas
      • Data encoding and type safety
        • Data encoding basics
        • Specifying coders
        • Default coders and the CoderRegistry
      • Windowing
        • Windowing basics
        • Provided windowing functions
        • Setting your PCollection’s windowing function
        • Watermarks and late data
        • Adding timestamps to a PCollection’s elements
      • Triggers
        • Trigger basics
        • Event time triggers and the default trigger
        • Processing time triggers
        • Data-driven triggers
        • Setting a trigger
        • Composite triggers
      • Metrics
        • Metrics basics
        • Types of metrics
        • Querying metrics
        • Using metrics in pipeline
        • Export metrics
      • State and Timers
        • Types of state
        • Deferred state reads
        • Timers
        • Garbage collecting state
        • State and timers examples
      • Splittable DoFns
        • Basics
        • Sizing and progress
        • User-initiated checkpoint
        • Runner initiated split
        • Watermark estimation
        • Truncating during drain
        • Bundle finalization
      • Multi-language Pipelines
        • Creating cross-language transforms
        • Using cross-language transforms
        • Runner Support
      • Batched DoFns
      • Transform service
    • Pipeline development lifecycle
      • Design Your Pipeline
      • Create Your Pipeline
      • Test Your Pipeline
    • Common pipeline patterns
      • Overview
      • File processing
      • Side inputs
      • Pipeline options
      • Custom I/O
      • Custom windows
      • BigQueryIO
      • AI Platform
      • Schema
      • BigQuery ML
      • Grouping elements for efficient external service calls
      • Rate limiting DoFns and Transforms
      • Cache using a shared object
    • AI/ML pipelines
      • Get started with AI/ML
      • About Beam ML
      • Prediction and inference
        • Overview
        • Build a pipeline with multiple models
        • Build a custom model handler with TensorRT
        • Use LLM inference
        • Build a multi-language inference pipeline
        • Update your model in production
      • Data processing
        • Preprocess data
        • Explore your data
      • Workflow orchestration
        • Use ML-OPS workflow orchestrators
      • Model training
        • Per-entity training
        • Online clustering
        • ML model evaluation
      • ML Dependency Extras
      • Use cases
        • Build an anomaly detection pipeline
      • Reference
        • RunInference metrics
        • Model validation
    • Runtime systems
      • Container environments
      • Resource hints
      • SDK Harness Configuration
    • Transform catalog
      • Python
        • Overview
        • Element-wise
          • Enrichment
            • Overview
            • Bigtable example
            • Milvus example
            • CloudSQL example
            • Vertex AI Feature Store examples
          • Filter
          • FlatMap
          • Keys
          • KvSwap
          • Map
          • MLTransform
          • ParDo
          • Partition
          • Regex
          • Reify
          • RunInference
            • Overview
            • PyTorch examples
            • Sklearn examples
          • ToString
          • Values
          • WithTimestamps
        • Aggregation
          • ApproximateQuantiles
          • ApproximateUnique
          • BatchElements
          • CoGroupByKey
          • CombineGlobally
          • CombinePerKey
          • CombineValues
          • Count
          • Distinct
          • GroupBy
          • GroupByKey
          • GroupIntoBatches
          • Latest
          • Max
          • Mean
          • Min
          • Sample
          • Sum
          • Top
          • ToList
        • Other
          • Create
          • Flatten
          • Reshuffle
          • WaitOn
          • WindowInto
      • Java
        • Overview
        • Element-wise
          • Filter
          • FlatMapElements
          • Keys
          • KvSwap
          • MapElements
          • ParDo
          • Partition
          • Regex
          • Reify
          • ToString
          • Values
          • WithKeys
          • WithTimestamps
        • Aggregation
          • ApproximateQuantiles
          • ApproximateUnique
          • CoGroupByKey
          • Combine
          • CombineWithContext