Skip to main content
TensorFlow
Install Learn
  • Introduction
    New to TensorFlow?
  • Tutorials
    Learn how to use TensorFlow with end-to-end examples
  • Guide
    Learn framework concepts and components
  • Learn ML
    Educational resources to master your path with TensorFlow
API
  • TensorFlow (v2.16.1)
  • Versions…
  • TensorFlow.js
  • TensorFlow Lite
  • TFX
Ecosystem
  • LIBRARIES
  • TensorFlow.js
    Develop web ML applications in JavaScript
  • TensorFlow Lite
    Deploy ML on mobile, microcontrollers and other edge devices
  • TFX
    Build production ML pipelines
  • All libraries
    Create advanced models and extend TensorFlow
  • RESOURCES
  • Models & datasets
    Pre-trained models and datasets built by Google and the community
  • Tools
    Tools to support and accelerate TensorFlow workflows
  • Responsible AI
    Resources for every stage of the ML workflow
  • Recommendation systems
    Build recommendation systems with open source tools
Community
  • Groups
    User groups, interest groups and mailing lists
  • Contribute
    Guide for contributing to code and documentation
  • Blog
    Stay up to date with all things TensorFlow
  • Forum
    Discussion platform for the TensorFlow community
Why TensorFlow
  • About
  • Case studies
/
  • English
  • 中文 – 简体
GitHub Sign in
  • TensorFlow v2.16.1
Overview Python C++ Java More
TensorFlow
  • Install
  • Learn
    • More
  • API
    • More
    • Overview
    • Python
    • C++
    • Java
    • More
  • Ecosystem
    • More
  • Community
    • More
  • Why TensorFlow
    • More
  • GitHub
  • Overview
  • All Symbols
  • Python v2.16.1
  • tf
    • Overview
    • AggregationMethod
    • CriticalSection
    • DeviceSpec
    • GradientTape
    • Graph
    • IndexedSlices
    • IndexedSlicesSpec
    • Module
    • Operation
    • OptionalSpec
    • RaggedTensor
    • RaggedTensorSpec
    • RegisterGradient
    • SparseTensorSpec
    • Tensor
    • TensorArray
    • TensorArraySpec
    • TensorShape
    • TensorSpec
    • TypeSpec
    • UnconnectedGradients
    • Variable
    • Variable.SaveSliceInfo
    • VariableAggregation
    • VariableSynchronization
    • approx_top_k
    • argsort
    • batch_to_space
    • bitcast
    • boolean_mask
    • broadcast_dynamic_shape
    • broadcast_static_shape
    • broadcast_to
    • case
    • cast
    • clip_by_global_norm
    • clip_by_norm
    • clip_by_value
    • concat
    • cond
    • constant
    • constant_initializer
    • control_dependencies
    • conv
    • conv2d_backprop_filter_v2
    • conv2d_backprop_input_v2
    • convert_to_tensor
    • custom_gradient
    • device
    • dynamic_partition
    • dynamic_stitch
    • edit_distance
    • einsum
    • ensure_shape
    • executing_eagerly
    • expand_dims
    • extract_volume_patches
    • eye
    • fftnd
    • fill
    • fingerprint
    • foldl
    • foldr
    • function
    • gather
    • gather_nd
    • get_current_name_scope
    • get_logger
    • get_static_value
    • grad_pass_through
    • gradients
    • group
    • guarantee_const
    • hessians
    • histogram_fixed_width
    • histogram_fixed_width_bins
    • identity
    • identity_n
    • ifftnd
    • init_scope
    • inside_function
    • irfftnd
    • is_symbolic_tensor
    • is_tensor
    • linspace
    • load_library
    • load_op_library
    • make_ndarray
    • make_tensor_proto
    • map_fn
    • meshgrid
    • name_scope
    • no_gradient
    • no_op
    • nondifferentiable_batch_function
    • norm
    • numpy_function
    • one_hot
    • ones
    • ones_initializer
    • ones_like
    • pad
    • parallel_stack
    • print
    • py_function
    • ragged_fill_empty_rows
    • ragged_fill_empty_rows_grad
    • random_index_shuffle
    • random_normal_initializer
    • random_uniform_initializer
    • range
    • rank
    • realdiv
    • recompute_grad
    • register_tensor_conversion_function
    • repeat
    • required_space_to_batch_paddings
    • reshape
    • reverse
    • reverse_sequence
    • rfftnd
    • roll
    • scan
    • scatter_nd
    • searchsorted
    • sequence_mask
    • shape
    • shape_n
    • size
    • slice
    • sort
    • space_to_batch
    • space_to_batch_nd
    • split
    • squeeze
    • stack
    • stop_gradient
    • strided_slice
    • switch_case
    • tensor_scatter_nd_add
    • tensor_scatter_nd_max
    • tensor_scatter_nd_min
    • tensor_scatter_nd_sub
    • tensor_scatter_nd_update
    • tensordot
    • tile
    • timestamp
    • transpose
    • truncatediv
    • truncatemod
    • tuple
    • type_spec_from_value
    • unique
    • unique_with_counts
    • unravel_index
    • unstack
    • variable_creator_scope
    • vectorized_map
    • where
    • while_loop
    • zeros
    • zeros_initializer
    • zeros_like
  • tf.audio
    • Overview
    • decode_wav
    • encode_wav
  • tf.autodiff
    • Overview
    • ForwardAccumulator
  • tf.autograph
    • Overview
    • set_verbosity
    • to_code
    • to_graph
    • trace
    • experimental
      • Overview
      • Feature
      • do_not_convert
      • set_loop_options
  • tf.bitwise
    • Overview
    • bitwise_and
    • bitwise_or
    • bitwise_xor
    • invert
    • left_shift
    • right_shift
  • tf.compat
    • Overview
    • as_bytes
    • as_str
    • as_str_any
    • as_text
    • dimension_at_index
    • dimension_value
    • forward_compatibility_horizon
    • forward_compatible
    • path_to_str
    • v1
      • Overview
      • AttrValue
      • AttrValue.ListValue
      • ConditionalAccumulator
      • ConditionalAccumulatorBase
      • ConfigProto
      • ConfigProto.DeviceCountEntry
      • ConfigProto.Experimental
      • DeviceSpec
      • Dimension
      • Event
      • FixedLengthRecordReader
      • GPUOptions
      • GPUOptions.Experimental
      • GPUOptions.Experimental.VirtualDevices
      • GraphDef
      • GraphKeys
      • GraphOptions
      • HistogramProto
      • IdentityReader
      • InteractiveSession
      • LMDBReader
      • LogMessage
      • MetaGraphDef
      • MetaGraphDef.CollectionDefEntry
      • MetaGraphDef.MetaInfoDef
      • MetaGraphDef.MetaInfoDef.FunctionAliasesEntry
      • MetaGraphDef.SignatureDefEntry
      • NameAttrList
      • NameAttrList.AttrEntry
      • NodeDef
      • NodeDef.AttrEntry
      • NodeDef.ExperimentalDebugInfo
      • OptimizerOptions
      • Print
      • ReaderBase
      • RunMetadata
      • RunMetadata.FunctionGraphs
      • RunOptions
      • RunOptions.Experimental
      • RunOptions.Experimental.RunHandlerPoolOptions
      • Session
      • SessionLog
      • SparseConditionalAccumulator
      • SparseTensorValue
      • Summary
      • Summary.Audio
      • Summary.Image
      • Summary.Value
      • SummaryMetadata
      • SummaryMetadata.PluginData
      • TFRecordReader
      • TensorInfo
      • TensorInfo.CompositeTensor
      • TensorInfo.CooSparse
      • TextLineReader
      • Variable
      • VariableAggregation
      • VariableScope
      • WholeFileReader
      • add_check_numerics_ops
      • add_to_collection
      • add_to_collections
      • all_variables
      • arg_max
      • arg_min
      • argmax
      • argmin
      • assert_equal
      • assert_greater
      • assert_greater_equal
      • assert_integer
      • assert_less
      • assert_less_equal
      • assert_near
      • assert_negative
      • assert_non_negative
      • assert_non_positive
      • assert_none_equal
      • assert_positive
      • assert_rank
      • assert_rank_at_least
      • assert_rank_in
      • assert_scalar
      • assert_type
      • assert_variables_initialized
      • assign
      • assign_add
      • assign_sub
      • batch_gather
      • batch_scatter_update
      • batch_to_space
      • batch_to_space_nd
      • bincount
      • boolean_mask
      • case
      • clip_by_average_norm
      • colocate_with
      • cond
      • confusion_matrix
      • constant
      • constant_initializer
      • container
      • control_flow_v2_enabled
      • convert_to_tensor
      • convert_to_tensor_or_indexed_slices
      • convert_to_tensor_or_sparse_tensor
      • count_nonzero
      • count_up_to
      • create_partitioned_variables
      • decode_csv
      • decode_raw
      • delete_session_tensor
      • depth_to_space
      • device
      • disable_control_flow_v2
      • disable_eager_execution
      • disable_resource_variables
      • disable_tensor_equality
      • disable_v2_behavior
      • disable_v2_tensorshape
      • div
      • enable_control_flow_v2
      • enable_eager_execution
      • enable_resource_variables
      • enable_tensor_equality
      • enable_v2_behavior
      • enable_v2_tensorshape
      • executing_eagerly
      • executing_eagerly_outside_functions
      • expand_dims
      • extract_image_patches
      • fixed_size_partitioner
      • floor_div
      • foldl
      • foldr
      • gather
      • gather_nd
      • get_collection
      • get_collection_ref
      • get_default_graph
      • get_default_session
      • get_local_variable
      • get_seed
      • get_session_handle
      • get_session_tensor
      • get_variable
      • get_variable_scope
      • global_variables
      • global_variables_initializer
      • glorot_normal_initializer
      • glorot_uniform_initializer
      • gradients
      • hessians
      • initialize_all_tables
      • initialize_all_variables
      • initialize_local_variables
      • initialize_variables
      • is_variable_initialized
      • load_file_system_library
      • local_variables
      • local_variables_initializer
      • make_template
      • map_fn
      • min_max_variable_partitioner
      • model_variables
      • moving_average_variables
      • multinomial
      • name_scope
      • no_regularizer
      • norm
      • ones_initializer
      • ones_like
      • op_scope
      • orthogonal_initializer
      • pad
      • parse_example
      • parse_single_example
      • placeholder
      • placeholder_with_default
      • py_func
      • quantize_v2
      • random_normal_initializer
      • random_poisson
      • random_uniform_initializer
      • reduce_all
      • reduce_any
      • reduce_join
      • reduce_logsumexp
      • reduce_max
      • reduce_mean
      • reduce_min
      • reduce_prod
      • reduce_sum
      • report_uninitialized_variables
      • reset_default_graph
      • resource_variables_enabled
      • reverse_sequence
      • scalar_mul
      • scan
      • scatter_add
      • scatter_div
      • scatter_max
      • scatter_min
      • scatter_mul
      • scatter_nd_add
      • scatter_nd_sub
      • scatter_nd_update
      • scatter_sub
      • scatter_update
      • serialize_many_sparse
      • serialize_sparse
      • set_random_seed
      • setdiff1d
      • shape
      • size
      • space_to_batch
      • space_to_depth
      • sparse_add
      • sparse_concat
      • sparse_matmul
      • sparse_merge
      • sparse_placeholder
      • sparse_reduce_max
      • sparse_reduce_max_sparse
      • sparse_reduce_sum
      • sparse_reduce_sum_sparse
      • sparse_segment_mean
      • sparse_segment_sqrt_n
      • sparse_segment_sum
      • sparse_split
      • sparse_to_dense
      • squeeze
      • string_split
      • string_to_hash_bucket
      • string_to_number
      • substr
      • tables_initializer
      • to_bfloat16
      • to_complex128
      • to_complex64
      • to_double
      • to_float
      • to_int32
      • to_int64
      • trainable_variables
      • transpose
      • truncated_normal_initializer
      • tuple
      • uniform_unit_scaling_initializer
      • variable_axis_size_partitioner
      • variable_creator_scope
      • variable_op_scope
      • variable_scope
      • variables_initializer
      • variance_scaling_initializer
      • verify_tensor_all_finite
      • where
      • while_loop
      • wrap_function
      • zeros_initializer
      • zeros_like
      • app
        • Overview
        • run
      • audio
        • Overview
      • autograph
        • Overview
        • to_code
        • to_graph
        • experimental
          • Overview
      • bitwise
        • Overview
      • compat
        • Overview
      • config
        • Overview
        • experimental
          • Overview
        • optimizer
          • Overview
        • threading
          • Overview
      • data
        • Overview
        • Dataset
        • FixedLengthRecordDataset
        • Iterator
        • TFRecordDataset
        • TextLineDataset
        • get_output_classes
        • get_output_shapes
        • get_output_types
        • make_initializable_iterator
        • make_one_shot_iterator
        • experimental
          • Overview
          • Counter
          • CsvDataset
          • RaggedTensorStructure
          • RandomDataset
          • SparseTensorStructure
          • SqlDataset
          • TensorArrayStructure
          • TensorStructure
          • choose_from_datasets
          • make_batched_features_dataset
          • make_csv_dataset
          • map_and_batch_with_legacy_function
          • sample_from_datasets
          • service
            • Overview
      • debugging
        • Overview
        • assert_shapes
        • check_numerics
        • experimental
          • Overview
      • distribute
        • Overview
        • MirroredStrategy
        • OneDeviceStrategy
        • ReplicaContext
        • Strategy
        • StrategyExtended
        • get_loss_reduction
        • cluster_resolver
          • Overview
        • experimental
          • Overview
          • CentralStorageStrategy
          • MultiWorkerMirroredStrategy
          • ParameterServerStrategy
          • TPUStrategy
      • distributions
        • Overview
        • Bernoulli
        • Beta
        • Categorical
        • Dirichlet
        • DirichletMultinomial
        • Distribution
        • Exponential
        • Gamma
        • Laplace
        • Multinomial
        • Normal
        • RegisterKL
        • ReparameterizationType
        • StudentT
        • Uniform
        • kl_divergence
      • dtypes
        • Overview
        • experimental
          • Overview
      • errors
        • Overview
        • error_code_from_exception_type
        • exception_type_from_error_code
        • raise_exception_on_not_ok_status
      • experimental
        • Overview
        • output_all_intermediates
        • extension_type
          • Overview
      • feature_column
        • Overview
        • categorical_column_with_vocabulary_file
        • input_layer
        • linear_model
        • make_parse_example_spec
        • shared_embedding_columns
      • flags
        • Overview
        • ArgumentParser
        • ArgumentSerializer
        • BaseListParser
        • BooleanFlag
        • BooleanParser
        • CantOpenFlagFileError
        • CsvListSerializer
        • DEFINE
        • DEFINE_alias
        • DEFINE_bool
        • DEFINE_enum
        • DEFINE_enum_class
        • DEFINE_flag
        • DEFINE_float
        • DEFINE_integer
        • DEFINE_list
        • DEFINE_multi
        • DEFINE_multi_enum
        • DEFINE_multi_enum_class
        • DEFINE_multi_float
        • DEFINE_multi_integer
        • DEFINE_multi_string
        • DEFINE_spaceseplist
        • DEFINE_string
        • DuplicateFlagError
        • EnumClassFlag
        • EnumClassListSerializer
        • EnumClassParser
        • EnumClassSerializer
        • EnumFlag
        • EnumParser
        • Error
        • FLAGS
        • Flag
        • FlagHolder
        • FlagNameConflictsWithMethodError
        • FlagValues
        • FloatParser
        • IllegalFlagValueError
        • IntegerParser
        • ListParser
        • ListSerializer
        • MultiEnumClassFlag
        • MultiFlag
        • UnparsedFlagAccessError
        • UnrecognizedFlagError
        • ValidationError
        • WhitespaceSeparatedListParser
        • adopt_module_key_flags
        • declare_key_flag
        • disclaim_key_flags
        • doc_to_help
        • flag_dict_to_args
        • get_help_width
        • mark_bool_flags_as_mutual_exclusive
        • mark_flag_as_required
        • mark_flags_as_mutual_exclusive
        • mark_flags_as_required
        • multi_flags_validator
        • override_value
        • register_multi_flags_validator
        • register_validator
        • set_default
        • text_wrap
        • validator
      • gfile
        • Overview
        • Copy
        • DeleteRecursively
        • Exists
        • FastGFile
        • Glob
        • IsDirectory
        • ListDirectory
        • MakeDirs
        • MkDir
        • Remove
        • Rename
        • Stat
        • Walk
      • graph_util
        • Overview
        • convert_variables_to_constants
        • extract_sub_graph
        • must_run_on_cpu
        • remove_training_nodes
        • tensor_shape_from_node_def_name
      • image
        • Overview
        • ResizeMethod
        • crop_and_resize
        • draw_bounding_boxes
        • extract_glimpse
        • extract_image_patches
        • extract_patches
        • resize
        • resize_area
        • resize_bicubic
        • resize_bilinear
        • resize_image_with_pad
        • resize_nearest_neighbor
        • sample_distorted_bounding_box
      • initializers
        • Overview
        • he_normal
        • he_uniform
        • identity
        • lecun_normal
        • lecun_uniform
      • io
        • Overview
        • TFRecordCompressionType
        • tf_record_iterator
        • gfile
          • Overview
      • keras
        • Overview
      • layers
        • Overview
      • linalg
        • Overview
        • diag
        • diag_part
        • matmul
        • matrix_transpose
        • tensor_diag_part
        • trace
        • experimental
          • Overview
      • lite
        • Overview
        • OpHint
        • OpHint.OpHintArgumentTracker
        • TFLiteConverter
        • TocoConverter
        • toco_convert
        • constants
          • Overview
        • experimental
          • Overview
          • convert_op_hints_to_stubs
          • authoring
            • Overview
      • logging
        • Overview
        • TaskLevelStatusMessage
        • debug
        • error
        • fatal
        • flush
        • get_verbosity
        • info
        • log
        • log_every_n
        • log_first_n
        • log_if
        • set_verbosity
        • vlog
        • warn
        • warning
      • lookup
        • Overview
        • StaticHashTable
        • StaticVocabularyTable
        • experimental
          • Overview
      • losses
        • Overview
        • Reduction
        • absolute_difference
        • add_loss
        • compute_weighted_loss
        • cosine_distance
        • get_losses
        • get_regularization_loss
        • get_regularization_losses
        • get_total_loss
        • hinge_loss
        • huber_loss
        • log_loss
        • mean_pairwise_squared_error
        • mean_squared_error
        • sigmoid_cross_entropy
        • softmax_cross_entropy
        • sparse_softmax_cross_entropy
      • manip
        • Overview
        • reshape
      • math
        • Overview
        • abs
        • acos
        • acosh
        • add
        • angle
        • asin
        • asinh
        • atan
        • atanh
        • bessel_i0
        • bessel_i0e
        • bessel_i1
        • bessel_i1e
        • ceil
        • conj
        • cos
        • cosh
        • digamma
        • divide
        • divide_no_nan
        • erf
        • erfc
        • erfcinv
        • erfinv
        • exp
        • expm1
        • floor
        • floormod
        • imag
        • in_top_k
        • lgamma
        • log
        • log1p
        • log_sigmoid
        • log_softmax
        • maximum
        • minimum
        • multiply
        • multiply_no_nan
        • ndtri
        • negative
        • real
        • reciprocal
        • reciprocal_no_nan
        • reduce_euclidean_norm
        • reduce_max
        • reduce_mean
        • reduce_min
        • reduce_prod
        • reduce_std
        • reduce_sum
        • reduce_variance
        • rint
        • round
        • rsqrt
        • scalar_mul
        • sigmoid
        • sign
        • sin
        • sinh
        • softmax
        • softplus
        • sqrt
        • square
        • tan
        • tanh
        • special