list

In PHP 7.1 we can do the following:

<?php
    [$a, $b, $c] = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
?>

Before, we had to do:

<?php
    list($a, $b, $c) = ['a', 'b',  'c'];
?>

Since PHP 7.1, keys can be specified

exemple : 
<?php 
$array = ['locality' => 'Tunis', 'postal_code' => '1110'];

list('postal_code' => $zipCode, 'locality' => $locality) = $array;

print $zipCode; // will output 1110
print $locality; // will output Tunis
 ?>

The example showing that:

$info = array('kawa', 'brązowa', 'kofeina');
list($a[0], $a[1], $a[2]) = $info;
var_dump($a);

outputs:
array(3) {
[2]=>
string(8) "kofeina"
[1]=>
string(5) "brązowa"
[0]=>
string(6) "kawa"
}

One thing to note here is that if you define the array earlier, e.g.:
$a = [0, 0, 0];

the indexes will be kept in the correct order:

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  string(4) "kawa"
  [1]=>
  string(8) "brązowa"
  [2]=>
  string(7) "kofeina"
}

Thought that it was worth mentioning.

... and it also supports pushing items onto arrays.

I couldn't find any official documentation on this behavior, but it appears that you can "push" elements onto arrays directly using array destructuring assignments.

<?php
$users = [
    [1, 'Alice', 'alice@example.com', 'secret123'],
    [2, 'Bob', 'bob@example.com', 'pass456'],
    [3, 'Charlie', 'charlie@example.com', 'hunter678'],
];

$ids       = [];
$names     = [];
$emails    = [];
$passwords = [];

foreach ($users as $user) {
    [$ids[], $names[], $emails[], $passwords[]] = $user;
}
?>

For well-documented alternatives, consider using array_column(), which does quite the same:

<?php
$ids       = array_column($users, 0);
$names     = array_column($users, 1);
$emails    = array_column($users, 2);
$passwords = array_column($users, 3);
?>

As noted, list() will give an error if the input array is too short. This can be avoided by array_merge()'ing in some default values. For example:

<?php
$parameter = 'name';
list( $a, $b ) = array_merge( explode( '=', $parameter ), array( true ) );
?>

However, you will have to array_merge with an array long enough to ensure there are enough elements (if $parameter is empty, the code above would still error).

An alternate approach would be to use array_pad on the array to ensure its length (if all the defaults you need to add are the same).

<?php
    $parameter = 'bob-12345';
    list( $name, $id, $fav_color, $age ) = array_pad( explode( '-', $parameter ), 4, '' );
    var_dump($name, $id, $fav_color, $age);
/* outputs
string(3) "bob"
string(5) "12345"
string(0) ""
string(0) ""
*/
?>

The example states the following:
<?php
// list() doesn't work with strings
list($bar) = "abcde";
var_dump($bar); 
// output: NULL
?>

If the string is in a variable however, it seems using list() will treat the string as an array:
<?php
$string = "abcde";
list($foo) = $string;
var_dump($foo);
// output: string(1) "a"
?>

<?php
/**
 * It seems you can skip listed values.
 * Here's an example to show what I mean.
 *
 * FYI works just as well with PHP 7.1 shorthand list syntax.
 * Tested against PHP 5.6.30, 7.1.5
 */
$a = [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ];

// this is quite normal use case for list
echo "Unpack all values\n";
list($v1, $v2, $v3, $v4) = $a;
echo "$v1, $v2, $v3, $v4\n";
unset($v1, $v2, $v3, $v4);

// this is what I mean:
echo "Skip middle\n";
list($v1, , , $v4) = $a;
echo "$v1, $v2, $v3, $v4\n";
unset($v1, $v2, $v3, $v4);

echo "Skip beginning\n";
list( , , $v3, $v4) = $a;
echo "$v1, $v2, $v3, $v4\n";
unset($v1, $v2, $v3, $v4);

echo "Skip end\n";
list($v1, $v2, , ) = $a;
echo "$v1, $v2, $v3, $v4\n";
unset($v1, $v2, $v3, $v4);

echo "Leave middle\n";
list( , $v2, $v3, ) = $a;
echo "$v1, $v2, $v3, $v4\n";
unset($v1, $v2, $v3, $v4);

list() can be used with foreach

<?php
$array = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]];

foreach($array